International tax
Independent UK data monitor
UK progress dashboard
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What changed. What matters.
What changed. What matters.
What still needs proof.
Start with the latest national picture, then trace living standards, public money and government delivery back to their evidence.
Latest data health
0 in scope
Source checks and review coverage
Whole-site dashboard
The UK picture at a glance
Three visual views of international tax, living standards and national momentum.
OECD · official final
Living standards
Real household income per person
Data unavailablelatest annual change
—latest level
National trends
Latest national momentum
Reporting periods and status
These indicators use their own latest official reporting periods and should not be combined into a single score. Provisional series can be revised.
UK snapshot
How is the UK doing?
Latest comparable values, their movement, reporting period and source state.
Evidence coverage and limitations
- Flagship records assessed
- 0 of 5
- Precise-source gaps
- 0
- Comparable series
- 0
Progress and context
A headline view of national conditions, government progress and the latest verified evidence.
Government delivery
Flagship commitments
Five commitments with a structured evidence record.
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Public priorities
What people say matters
A top-three summary appears only after genuine, verified survey results are available.
No verified top-three result is shown here yet. Demonstration data is never used as public opinion evidence.
Explore
Go deeper
Official-source automation
Data status
Validated automated figures include historical, forecast and international context without silently replacing the site’s manually reviewed evidence.
Last successful check: Not yet availableNext scheduled check: Not yet available
Sources needing attention
Evidence change log
What changed recently?
Meaningful statistical, delivery and evidence changes from structured records—not hand-written page copy.
Each entry retains its previous position, new position, source and evidence confidence. View all changes and evidence.
Twenty-one-year context
National fiscal trends
Compare spending, receipts, taxes, borrowing and debt interest in cash terms, real terms, per person or relative to GDP.
Loaded coverageTotal managed expenditure
£bnCompositionDay-to-day and capital spending
£bn · cash termsView trend data, calculation and sources
| Period | Value | Annual change | Basis | Status |
|---|
Context, not causation
Events that may help explain the timeline
Structured annotations can be connected to charts without treating dates as proof of cause and effect.
This event may provide relevant context. The charts do not establish that an event caused a change. Timing, mechanisms and competing explanations require separate evidence.
Variable explorer
How national variables move together
Choose two sourced measures, a time range and an optional lag. The charts show co-movement over time—not proof that one variable caused the other.
Drivers and conditions
What affects household living standards?
Choose a measure to see its sourced context. These comparisons show movement together, not proof of cause and effect.
RelationshipScatter comparison
Shared time axisAnnual movements over time
Year-on-year changeView paired observations, definitions and limitations
| Displayed year | Horizontal variable | Vertical variable | Period alignment |
|---|
Institutional coverageSource roadmap
Missing series remain N/A| Publisher | Intended coverage | Status |
|---|
Household balance sheets and investment
Savings & Investment
Where household money is held, how much is being saved, and how saving relates to investment and economic activity.
Household financial assets
Selected financial asset stocks at the end of 2025. This is not total household wealth and should not be read as annual investment.
What is not in this visual?
Property, consumer durables, liabilities and financial categories not shown as compatible headline stocks are excluded. The rows therefore must not be added up and presented as total household wealth.
How income, saving and investment relate
An analytical map of aggregate relationships, not a literal trace of individual pounds.
Disposable incomeHousehold income after taxes and transfers
ConsumptionFinal spending
SavingIncome not used for final consumption
DepositsBank and building-society balance sheets
Pensions and fundsFinancial claims and asset allocation
Investment and borrowingDomestic, overseas and public-sector channels
Important: deposits can support lending and financial intermediation. Household saving does not mechanically equal UK business investment because saving can finance asset purchases, overseas investment or government borrowing.
Separate axes · quarterly data
Saving vs investment
Household saving ratio Business investment
These series are shown together to explore timing, not to claim a direct causal link.
Why doesn’t saving automatically equal UK investment?
National accounting links saving and investment across households, companies, government and the rest of the world. A household’s deposit is a financial claim; its use is mediated through the financial system and can be associated with lending, asset purchases, foreign investment or government financing as well as domestic fixed investment.
| Quarter | Saving ratio | Business investment |
|---|
International comparison
Comparable series not yet loaded. A country selector is intentionally withheld until an OECD or Eurostat extract has been checked for household-sector definition, frequency, units and a common period. This avoids a visually complete but invalid comparison.
Data scope and source detail
UK stocks: ONS National Balance Sheet, 2025. Saving ratio: ONS UK Economic Accounts, 2026 Q1. Deposit flow: Bank of England Money and Credit, June 2026. Business investment: ONS GDP second estimate, 2026 Q2.
International comparison
How the UK raises revenue
Harmonised OECD tax classifications · general government · latest common final year
PAYE is a collection mechanism, not an international tax category.
PAYE deducts UK Income Tax and National Insurance. Comparisons below use personal income tax, social-security contributions, payroll taxes, property taxes, VAT or GST and other harmonised categories.
Harmonised OECD categories show the mix without treating PAYE as a tax type.
Use percentage of GDP or purchasing-power-adjusted revenue per resident.
The OECD tax wedge combines personal income tax and employee and employer social contributions.
Decision-useful summary
How to interpret this comparison
- What changed?
- The loaded comparison uses 2023, the latest common final year across every selected country—not newer UK-only provisional receipts.
- Why does it matter?
- Tax mix shows where revenue comes from; tax-to-GDP shows its scale relative to the economy. They answer different questions.
- What requires attention?
- Federal structures, social-security rules and unusual GDP denominators can make superficially similar shares mean different things.
- What should be monitored next?
- The next OECD Revenue Statistics edition, revisions to 2023, and the first later year that is final for all selected countries.
Countries 10 selected
Tax mixShare of total tax revenue
Official final OECD Revenue Statistics 2025Representative-worker lensTax wedge for a single worker on the average wage
OECD 2025 % of employer labour costPersonal income tax plus employee and employer social-security contributions, less cash benefits. This is a standardised example, not the amount paid by every worker.
Definitions and methodology
Taxes are compulsory, unrequited payments to general government. Categories follow the OECD Interpretative Guide. The chart covers all levels of government and uses calendar-year 2023 final data by default.
Common misconceptions
PAYE: a collection system, not a harmonised category.
VAT rates: the statutory rate is not VAT’s share of revenue.
A high VAT rate can coexist with a smaller VAT revenue share.
The US has no federal VAT; state and local sales taxes still raise revenue.
Social-security systems differ substantially between countries.
A low personal-income-tax share does not prove workers pay little tax.
Tax mix and tax-to-GDP answer different questions.
Source: OECD Revenue Statistics 2025 comparative tables, dataset version 2.0. Final 2023 data. Checked 18 July 2026. HMRC 2025–26 cash receipts are not used in this comparison.
Public spending
Where UK public money went
2025–26 outturn · public sector expenditure on services · Accredited Official Statistics
Capital expenditure Operational expenditure Financing transactions
Reconciled to HM Treasury PESA 2026
Ten COFOG functions plus EU transactions = £1,227.648bn. First estimate; later departmental accounts may revise it.
Decision-useful summary
What the spending evidence supports
- What changed?
- The loaded 2025–26 first estimate reconciles £1,227.648bn across ten functions and EU transactions; it is not yet a final departmental outturn.
- Why does it matter?
- Current expenditure funds services and transfers now, while capital expenditure creates or improves assets. Combining them can hide different policy choices.
- What requires attention?
- Large functions need department, programme and economic-category evidence before staff, procurement or asset claims can be made reliably.
- What should be monitored next?
- PESA revisions, departmental accounts, major-project updates, contract changes and evidence that sub-functions reconcile to their parents.
Money flow
From receipts to delivery
A structural flow, not a reconciled allocation. Line widths are deliberately equal until exact transfers can be linked.
Spending by public service area£0
£ billionsEach labelled row shows the total amount and uses separate patterned segments for current and capital expenditure.
View spending chart as a table
| Public service area | Current | Capital | Selected amount | Share |
|---|
Expenditure mixCurrent and capital
£0Services total
Capital£0
Current£0
Debt principal excluded£0
Public services
Public Services — Money & Results
Connect resource use, selected outputs and outcomes without converting different public services into one score.
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Public investment
Capital vs Current Spending
Compare the latest UK PESA expenditure mix with a separately labelled common-year OECD investment-intensity view.
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Trace, compare and locate
How public money moves
These views join only compatible evidence. Missing links stay N/A, and a contract award is never treated as cash already paid.
Receipts to outcomes
Sankey-style structural path. Equal-width bands show sequence, not reconciled value.
| Stage | Loaded value | Evidence limit |
|---|
Spending hierarchy explorer
Choose a loaded project to follow the evidence from total expenditure to geography.
Planned versus actual project detailOpen only when comparing published financial bases
Planned versus actual
Budget, actual and forecast bars remain on their published bases; incompatible values are not converted into a percentage variance.
| Project | Original budget | Revised budget | Actual to date | Forecast final cost | Variance | Per resident | Per household | Share of expenditure | GDP share | Real-terms change | Per-person change |
|---|
Capital investment
Identifiable capital spending by UK country and region
Capital formation allocated for the benefit of each UK region — not the location of departmental offices, suppliers or physical assets.
What does this map mean?
HM Treasury’s Country and Regional Analysis allocates identifiable expenditure according to the region expected to benefit. Capital formation here is the CRA’s ID and CAP segment classification. Totals and shares are nominal, financial-year values; per-resident capital values are intentionally not shown until an official population adapter is independently validated.
View regional values
| Country or region | Capital spending | Share of UK total | Change | Geographic meaning |
|---|
ONS regional public finances
Revenue, expenditure and net fiscal balance
Choose an ONS measure and year. Positive net fiscal balance is a deficit; negative is a surplus.
| Region | Latest value | Per head | Change from prior year |
|---|
How are regional figures estimated?
Regional public-finance figures are estimates based on allocating national revenues and spending geographically; they are not precise accounts of every transaction occurring within a region. The ONS allocation methodology and North Sea oil-and-gas treatment matter when interpreting differences.
Source, methodology and limitations
ONS Country and regional public sector finances, FYE 2025 ↗. Values are nominal financial-year estimates; the expenditure measure is ONS Total Expenditure on Services.
Regional sources: HM Treasury CRA 2025 ↗ and ONS FYE 2025 ↗. Boundaries: ONS Regions December 2024 BGC ↗.
Cross-cutting public expenditure
Emergencies and exceptional events
A separate view of multi-department responses, financial exposure and recoveries. Event totals span different periods and are not a second spending total.
Do not add these figures to the spending chart.
Cash expenditure is usually already recorded within normal functional totals for the year it occurred. Guarantees, cover limits, loans and equity purchases may sit outside expenditure on services. Every record below states its treatment.
Decision-useful summary
How to interpret exceptional costs
- What changed?
- Events are shown as separate records because their periods and financial measures differ; no new cross-event grand total is inferred.
- Why does it matter?
- Cash spending, guarantees, loans and recoveries affect public finances differently and may already sit inside normal functional totals.
- What requires attention?
- Mixed periods, contingent exposure, unpublished actuals and low-confidence estimates should not be treated as directly comparable expenditure.
- What should be monitored next?
- Final outturns, guarantee calls, loan repayments, recoveries, ongoing annual costs and each source’s double-counting treatment.
Comparable within the selected measure only
£ millions · mixed periodsLabelled bars compare only the selected measure; the complete data and limitations are available in the table below.
Choose columns
| Event and period | Departments | Budget / commitment | Actual expenditure | Verified value generated | Net cash cost | Guarantees and liabilities | Loans | Grants | Procurement — limited coverage | Recoveries | Ongoing annual cost | Financial outcome/status | Source and confidence |
|---|
N/A means the loaded source does not provide a reconciled figure. It does not mean zero. Commitment, contract, loan and guarantee values are not treated as cash already paid.
UK government receipts
Revenue collected
Separate views preserve the boundaries of each official dataset. Totals are not combined until periods, definitions and consolidation treatment match.
Decision-useful summary
What the receipts evidence supports
- What changed?
- HMRC receipts, wider public-sector current receipts, local and devolved taxes, and non-tax revenue are now kept as separate selectable datasets.
- Why does it matter?
- An HMRC cash total is not all government revenue; combining different periods or consolidation treatments would overstate comparability.
- What requires attention?
- Provisional years, repayments, reconciliation rows and nominal changes need their status and price basis before drawing conclusions.
- What should be monitored next?
- The next HMRC bulletin, final-year revisions, public-sector current-receipts updates and reconciliation of local, devolved and non-tax coverage.
Included within total Income Tax
Employer, employee and other NICs
Net VAT cash receipts
Revenue source mixShare of HMRC receipts shown
Historical trend
Why can a receipt be negative?
Negative rows are repayments, refunds or accounting reconciliations that reduce net cash receipts. They do not mean the tax itself has a negative rate. Open a row’s explanation for its treatment.
Forecast versus provisional outturnHow receipts compare with the OBR March 2026 forecast
Why do HMRC, ONS and OBR totals differ?
HMRC records taxes it administers on a cash basis. ONS measures broader public-sector receipts in a national-accounts/public-finance framework. OBR publishes official forecasts. This comparison uses only definition-matched HMRC cash receipts and keeps the forecast vintage visible.
Tax compliance, economic crime and illicit finance
Tax Compliance & Economic Crime
Tax not collected, compliance yield, assets denied and cash recovered are different measures. They are never combined into one recovery total.
The £59.2bn tax gap is not immediately recoverable revenue. The tax gap estimates the difference between tax theoretically due and tax actually collected. It includes uncertainty, error, insolvency, legal interpretation, evasion and other non-compliance. Tax gap ≠ tax avoidance: avoidance is one HMRC behaviour category; it is not the whole tax gap, and tax non-compliance is not necessarily criminal.
Explore tax-gap categories. HMRC publishes an all-tax time series and current-year tax-type values. A tax-type liability percentage or behaviour split is displayed as N/A when the exact compatible table is not loaded.
Long-term tax-gap trend
Percentage of theoretical liabilities is the more comparable trend measure. Cash values grow with the tax base.
View annual values and revision status
| Period | Tax gap | Share of liabilities | Status |
|---|
By tax
2024–25 rounded official values; displayed shares are app calculations from those values.
By customer group
HMRC measurement groups; shares may total 99% because of rounding.
By behaviour
Illustrative HMRC behaviour allocation, not a finding about individual taxpayers.
HMRC compliance yield components
Revenue Loss Prevented is shown separately from direct Cash Expected. Future and upstream effects are not cash already received.
HMRC reported £23 of compliance yield per £1 of compliance-workforce spending in 2024–25. A comparable total compliance-expenditure series, investigations, settlements, debt collected and write-offs are N/A until exact tables are loaded.
View component values
| Period | Cash expected | Loss prevented | Future benefit | Upstream operational | Upstream product/process | Total |
|---|
Tax compliance · economic footprint
Multinational Companies
An objective view of multinational activity using OECD aggregate evidence. It does not identify companies or allege misconduct.
Profit vs economic activity
Foreign MNE activities in published OECD CbCR jurisdiction groups, fiscal year 2022.
How to read this chart
The horizontal and vertical axes are each shares of foreign MNE activity in the OECD CbCR sample. The dashed diagonal shows equal shares. Differences can have multiple explanations, including industry mix, capital intensity, real activity, data limitations and reporting structures.
Investment hubs and other groups
Published shares within the foreign-MNE CbCR sample. This table presents only groups for which the selected values are stated in OECD analysis.
Investment hubs use OECD’s inward-FDI-to-GDP classification. Their presence in this aggregate analysis is not evidence of unlawful or inappropriate behaviour.
Interpretation boundary: A higher share of reported profit than employees or tangible assets can indicate that profits and observable economic activity are geographically distributed differently. This is an analytical indicator and is not, by itself, evidence that a company or jurisdiction has engaged in unlawful or inappropriate tax behaviour.
Money laundering and asset recovery indicators
Recovered, denied, ordered, returned to victims and distributed to agencies are different stages and destinations.
Suspicious Activity Reports, Account Freezing Order counts, Unexplained Wealth Orders, prosecutions, convictions, sanctions enforcement and enforcement budgets are shown as N/A until comparable precise records are loaded.
Illustrative tax-gap reduction scenarios
Arithmetic scenarios only — not forecasts, commitments or immediately collectible amounts.
These calculations ignore implementation costs, behavioural responses, timing differences, legal disputes, insolvency and practical collectability.
Sources: HMRC tax-gap summary 2026 ↗ · exact online tables ↗ · compliance-yield note ↗ · HMRC receipts ↗ · Home Office asset-recovery statistics ↗. Checked 23 August 2026.
Practical support
Find benefits and support
Search UK benefits, grants, discounts and support schemes.
Find support for meOptional — answer only what you choose
No matching schemes found
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Sources, methods and corrections
Evidence Library
A public register of the exact sources behind the app, how figures are processed, and what changes when evidence is revised.
Data validation is running…
Evidence priority
Source hierarchy
Lower tiers add detail; they do not override reconciled, audited or independently scrutinised totals.
HM Treasury PESA and Public Spending Statistics; OSCAR II transparency data; Whole of Government Accounts; departmental annual reports and accounts.
National Audit Office, Office for Budget Responsibility, Office for National Statistics, parliamentary committees and House of Commons Library.
Contracts Finder, Find a Tender, transparency spending, grants, Companies House, Charity Commission, local accounts and NHS publications.
Important: an awarded contract value is a maximum or committed value under its terms, not evidence that the same amount has already been paid.
| Source title | Publisher | Publication date | Reporting period | Geography | Data status | Records using the source | Exact table or dataset | Date checked | Archived or replacement status |
|---|
Reproducible approach
Methodology and limitations
Each rule below applies across spending, revenue, projects and international comparisons.
Change record
Visible version history
| Version | Date | Status | Material changes |
|---|
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Evidence review
Flagship commitments
Five high-value promises are developed first. The remaining records stay visible as an evidence backlog and never receive invented results.
Evidence-led
Five records now have structured progress evidence
Ratings describe the loaded evidence, not political performance overall. Backlog records say “Data not yet integrated”; that does not mean zero progress.
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Commitments under review0
0 projects · 0 policy outcomes
Publication-ready records0
All required evidence fields complete
Precise-source gaps0
Background links are not counted as precise evidence
Personal workspace0
Excluded from public-data counts
Decision-useful summary
What the current commitment evidence supports
- What changed?
- No verified change measure is available.
- Why does it matter?
- Without comparable baselines and current observations, a percentage would imply precision the sources do not support.
- What requires attention?
- Precise sources and calculation methods are missing.
- What should be monitored next?
- Exact commitment wording, the next source publication, current observed value, milestone evidence and any cost or schedule variance.
Actionable analysis
Trajectories, regions and watchlist
Charts appear only when comparable dated observations exist. Missing data remains visible.
Target trajectorySelect a commitment
N/A — comparable time series unavailable.
- N/A — verified milestones unavailable.
Detailed comparison
| Promise | Target | Baseline | Latest measurable result | Progress since baseline | Status, interpretation and phase | Next milestone and sources |
|---|
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Classification correction
Government operations
Routine services, transfers, administration and financing have been removed from the commitments tracker. Their money belongs in spending, departmental accounts or financing views—not a delivery-progress score.
| Operation | Responsible body | Function | Why it is excluded |
|---|
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Understand UK progress
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